BRICS Trade, FDI and Africa's Premature Deindustrialization
A frica’s demographics, emergent middle class and rich natural resource endowments has made it a toast of trade and investment, with traditional partners in Europe and emerging partners from global south. Notably, the structure of Africa post-colonization has been toward resource extraction and being feeders for developed countries’ industries. However, as south-south cooperation deepens, new models of development assistance, trade and investment are emerging. In the past, development assistance held most African countries bound to the whims and caprices of their respective western donors, mostly OECD countries. Also, most of the bilateral and multilateral development assistance to developing countries came with stringent conditionalities, such as the structural adjustment programme (SAP), which produced a long term backwash effect. Consequently, for many low-income as well as post-conflict and fragile African states, aid-dependency is still a present reality.